Observation of Yellow Dactylorhiza sambucina at Ibones de Barbarisa

During a recent ascent to the peak and the Ibones de Barbarisa, we were fortunate to observe several specimens of the Elder-flowered orchid, Dactylorhiza sambucina. This observation was particularly noteworthy as all individuals encountered displayed the vibrant yellow floral form, a common yet captivating manifestation of this species' striking floral polymorphism. One specimen, in particular, stood out for its excellent flowering condition, presenting a robust and healthy appearance.

The presence of D. sambucina in this high-altitude environment, consistent with its known preference for subalpine and alpine pastures, underscores its adaptability. As a geophyte, this orchid relies on its subterranean tubers to endure the mountain climate, emerging with an erect stem, typically between 10 and 40 cm tall, and a dense, oval inflorescence. The yellow form, alongside its purple or reddish counterpart, represents one of the two primary color morphs, a characteristic thought to be maintained by negative frequency-dependent selection by pollinators. Documenting such healthy populations, even for a species classified as 'Least Concern' globally, remains crucial given its reported declining population trends and the threats it faces from habitat alteration and over-grazing. This sighting at the Ibones de Barbarisa contributes valuable data to our understanding of the local distribution and ecological health of this resilient orchid.